Each transaction in the blockchain has its own unique ID code that is assigned to the operation and will be stored in all subsequent new blocks. Using this ID (see also "TX id") you can view the details of this transfer in a network and to authenticate transactions.
This misspelled term became very popular in the Bitcoin and cryptocurrency world. Whenever a person says in a conversation that he/she is hodling or suggests to hodl, it means that they believe their coin will be profitable one day.